Transnational Habitus of Croatian Scientists in Diaspora: Enriching Science Policy Recommendations with an Anthropological Perspective

Abstract (English)

This paper explores how Croatian scientists living and working abroad construct transnational academic and personal lives, offering anthropological insights to inform science policy in Croatia. Rooted in the concept of transnationalism, particularly the “top-down” practices of highly educated migrants (Faist, 2010), the study investigates how scientists develop careers, identities, and social ties that transcend national borders.
The research is based on case studies of three scientists of Croatian origin who have lived and worked in multiple countries and academic cultures. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, the study analyzes how their migration trajectories shape multilayered identities, emotional attachments, professional networks and academic careers. While navigating personal and professional life in their current institutions and broader international research environment, these scientists maintain more or less active connections to Croatia through language, family, friends and scientific collaborations.
Our findings illustrate the emergence of a transnational habitus, an orientation that enables individuals to navigate multiple cultural and professional contexts. These scientists live in a space of “in-betweenness,” balancing linguistic, emotional, and institutional ties across borders. Their experiences reflect key dimensions of transnationalism: mobility, multilayered identity, cross-border collaboration, and cultural adaptability.
Anthropologically, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the lived experiences of transnational scholars. The identity-related aspects of migration—such as belonging, recognition, and value negotiation—are central to how these scientists relate to both their home and host countries.
Importantly, this anthropological study has practical value. It contributes to science policy by offering recommendations for attracting and engaging diaspora scientists. Croatian institutions can benefit from recognizing and supporting the transnational realities of these individuals. Therefore, science policy should be oriented to strengthening diaspora networks, supporting flexible academic mobility, and acknowledging the plural identities and contributions of scientists abroad.
By integrating anthropological perspectives into policy discourse, this paper advocates for a more nuanced approach to science collaboration and mobility. It positions diasporic scientists as active agents and potential connectors within a global scientific ecosystem—individuals whose transnational habitus can enrich both Croatian science and international collaboration.